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''Formica lugubris'', also known as the hairy wood ant is common in the forests of the United Kingdom. Similar to other species of wood ants (genus ''Formica''), ''Formica lugubris'' can be identified by a fringe of hairs that reaches down to their eyes. They can reach sizes of up to 12 mm long, and they live in massive colonies. Colonies consist of workers and queen ants, all of which are carnivores.〔 ==Behavior== ''Formica lugubris'' are carnivorous ants that consume a variety of different foods.〔 Red wood ants prey on pestiferous insects and forest defoliators like spruce budworms.〔 They live in massive nests that can contain up to half a million colony members. They form large, domed nests on southerly facing slopes in relatively open woodland. The nests have several mechanisms for keeping the internal temperature stable. The southerly orientation captures sunlight; the nest is flattened on the south side to present a greater surface area to the sun and in spring, large numbers of workers can be seen sunbathing on the nest. When warm they will go into the nest to release their heat inside.〔 Each ant is able to recognize other members of their colony by a specific odor they all carry on them.〔 Different odors allow them to also recognize other insects and ants from other colonies.〔 When these ants encounter outside species of ants and insects, they may become shocked and engage in combat.〔 Ants from outside species or colonies are usually considered intruders and are seized and dragged in to the nest.〔 Combat between ants is common and almost always ends with death of one ant.〔 When red wood ants encounter members of different colonies similar responses are made. The ants are at first startled and enter an upright body position with their mouths open.〔 This is their way of showing threatening behavior.〔 When in contact, members of the same colony are not threatened by each other and do not show signs of aggression. Workers are able to release pheromones that can alarm others of danger nearby; this is another way these ants use odors to communicate.〔 These ants prefer to mate during the month of June.〔 Sexually aroused female ants release a pheromone that will attract a male. They will both fly off into the forest and mate on the ground, usually where there are no other worker ants around.〔 Not every ant can reproduce; reproductive males and females are larger than worker ants and have wings.〔 This is to prevent competition when mating. After mating, the male will die and the female will lose her wings and start a new colony.〔 Fertilized queens can take over the colonies of brown ants. The queen lands on a brown ant nest, find and sting the brown ant queen to death and take her place. Her eggs are cared for by the brown ant workers and her children replace them over time.〔David Attenborough (2005) Life in the Undergrowth〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Formica lugubris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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